Air Traffic Management Concept Essay

This paper aims to show some major issues regarding the integration of future ground-based ATM decision support systems (The Air Traffic Management Concept) and how these systems will improve the human factor in the air traffic system. If present airspace procedures continue as it is, escalating traffic demands are presumed to compromise many things. Among these are on-time performance, security, and safety. Dealing with these escalating airspace aptitude prerequisites would necessitate considerable adjustment and enhancement to current-day procedures. One attempt in solving this problem is to give airlines more liberty in doing their own schedules and selections of traffic routes while still continuing to disperse tasks for partition and arrival planning to the ATSP. ATSP stands for Air Traffic Service Providers. Air Traffic Control-oriented tactics centers on airspace reorganization and development or improving of tools for air traffic managers and controllers which in turn, would enable them to handle air traffic more carefully and effectively. In the Air Traffic Management segment of the Terminal Area Productivity program, they were working on the incorporation of future ground-based ATM decision support systems with that of FMS (Flight Management System) furnished aircraft contained in the terminal district, the researches and illustrations centered on amplifying airport capacity. They do this by making use of the CTAS or Center TRACON Automation System for producing effective trajectories. Data connect for communicating the said trajectories into the aircraft and Flight Management System furnished aircraft for flying them accurately (The Boeing Company, 2001). In this regard major airports which are plagued by the difficulties of aircraft arrival rushes should be studied. The objective was to present a safe, highly competent flow of traffic which would begin from en route into TRACON airspace which dependably transports aircraft to the runway entry, while preserving as much flight crew suppleness and authorities as sensible. Triumphant planning and implementation of an effective arrival flow necessitates a meticulous knowledge of all aircraft and operators. Knowledge on traffic managements as well as on spacing limitations is also needed. It should also include synchronization among controllers, flight crews, as well as traffic administration. The plan for future ground-based ATM decision support systems could be imagined as a human-centered system on which the controllers as well as the pilots would employ processes, flight management mechanization as well as evaluation support tools to aggressively supervise traffic arrival. It could be seen that they aim for a future air traffic system which are run and supervised by the ATSP and they anticipate this to be ready by 2010. ATSP stands for Air Traffic Service Providers (NASA Ames Research Center, 2002). . The operational theory for attaining effectiveness developments over current procedures is to map an effective arrival stream earlier than necessary and then implement the arrival plan as accurately as could be. They also presented a â€Å"multi-sector arrival planner† Air Traffic Control arranges to link the breach among traffic administrators, dispatchers as well as the sector controllers. The planner’s duties include producing the most effective schedule and arrangement for all incoming aircraft and conflict-free flight routes which would always be able to meet the schedules. The planner organizes the engendered flight routes. The sector controllers concerns would then on use a graphical coordination apparatus. After analyzing the recommended flight path, the sector controllers delivers fitting authorizations to the flight crews. The flight crews would then pursue the cleared path accurately applying their flight management mechanization. Sector controllers are in charge in preserving division and modifying the arrival plan to new situations. Automation and processes are planned in order to aid with all the above mentioned tasks (Advanced Air Transportation Technologies, 1999). The Terminal Area Productivity concept is more calculated than the current system but the controllers are vigorously engaged with everything in the procedure of developing and implementing a traffic flow plan which would be used for arrival rush. Although it drastically modifies the tasks of the stakeholders it does not alter their accountabilities. The first flight deck oriented recreation revealed that data link procedure in the fatal region was adequate and advantageous for the flight crews. Usually crews favor a Boeing 777 which decreases heads-down time on the arena. They could productively use the sides flight management purpose LNAV to the concluding method fix. A VSD model was launched to aid in using Flight Management System automation nearer to the ground. This was meted with high markings by the flightcrews. Vital workload or operation disparities cannot be found among situations with and without the Vertical Situation Display or VSD (The Boeing Company, 2001). A flight reproduction at NASA Langley Research Center yielded a promising result. It showed that miscalculations on arrival time at the closing approach fix could be considerably lessened. This could be done by flying TRACON trajectories with Flight Management System supervision as compared with heading vectors. The preliminary illustration of CTAS/FMS procedures with controllers showed the promise for augmenting the effectiveness of arrival streams by using the CTAS tools for planning and supervising. The devised controller interface with the mechanization and the data link was tolerable. However, it could still make use of further enhancements. There are a number of drawbacks which had been mentioned here. Among the said drawbacks are too much information in the data block, an inept and complex course trial planning interface as well as the three button mouse. The operational concept however, obtained good feedbacks and the controllers were eager for the promise it shows. The Advanced Air Transportation Technology is a branch of NASA’s ASC program. ASC stands for Aviation System Capacity. Its goal is to better the overall operation of NAS (National Airspace System). In so as to attain this goal AATT is building up decision support technologies and processes to help National Airspace System stakeholders. The vision of the Advanced Air Transportation Technology Project concerning far-term National Airspace System procedures is represented in the Distributive Air Ground Traffic Management concept (Advanced Air Transportation Technologies, 1999). Distributed Air Ground Traffic Management is aiming for a free-flight environment on which flight crews would be able to take more part on decision making processes. Rather than merely implementing controller directions, the crews would have more liberty in asking for and choosing flight routes. Developed on-board automation for variance detection and resolve would affect the pilot’s behavior, hence influencing controller’s attitude and placing more conditions on ground automation and information sharing. The Distributed Air Ground concepts cover an assortment of probable means to handle arrivals varying from continuous free-flight to fully ground-controlled. There are two extremes in the process. The first is the free-flight to the threshold. The second is Ground (ATSP) Controlled Arrival. The free-flight to the threshold entails that the flight deck in charge for route planning and division from the aircraft all the way through the arrival. The aircraft turns up at the Center in free flight. It is accountable for extricating itself from other traffic. Traffic flow management restraints for going into the terminal region are made accessible to the flight crew. The flight crews in turn modify their terminal arrival plan fittingly. Upon drawing near the TRACON airspace, the flight crews pick the aircraft which they desire to track to the threshold and choose the appropriate assimilating and spacing boundaries then they would go after the lead aircraft to the runway. Ground (ATSP) controlled arrival is another extreme in that this is very near to the concept illustrated on the earlier TAP research. Upon coming in the terminal airspace free flight is terminated for the incoming traffic. Ground-based traffic managers are then responsible for two things. Their responsibility ranges from making a schedule and arrival trajectories to communicating them to the aircrafts. The aircraft could downlink a certain flight path demand that the Air Traffic Service Providers may or may not agree into. Accountability for division and route planning keeps on the ground all over the course of the arrival stage. The flight crew obtains more tactical Flight Management System and spacing authorizations than in today’s tactical settings (NASA Ames Research Center, 2002). Free flight to the threshold would necessitate added aircraft equipment. This may involve RTA and CDTI. Conflict detection and resolution algorithm could also be included. RTA stands for Required Time of Arrival while CDTI stands for Cockpit Display of Traffic Information. Ground controlled arrivals are a little different. They do not make use of the aircraft abilities in the most effective conduct. Aside from that they put the whole flow supervision problems on the controller. The future air traffic system would direct arrivals in such a way that it would be lying between the boundaries of the two extremes mentioned earlier. This opens the possibility of moving from ground-controlled into a free-flight (NASA Ames Research Center, 2002). Experiments and operational performances would illustrate which concept seems to be most suitable. The amount of free-flight against Air Traffic Control could be dependent on the traffic circumstances, facility performances, aircraft equipments, and airline inclinations. Those who are in charge sees the need for the air traffic system to be devised to have room for all potential forms operation between the extremes discussed in this paper. Thus, all enabling technologies ought to be enhanced, incorporated and assessed, including the following: a. Cockpit Display of Traffic Information with airborne conflict detection b. FMS with Required Time of Arrival capacities. c. On-board integration and spacing apparatus d. ADS-B and CPDLC data link communication e. Traffic Management advisory apparatus f. Ground-based conflict detection and resolution g. Ground based tools for trajectory generation with meet time constraints (NASA Ames Research Center, 2003) Most of the above mentioned equipments are already obtainable in remote examination models. Those in charge are presently in the course of assimilating them at NASA Ames Research Center to generate a model environment that permits examining these concerns. They are also expanding an arrival concept that supplies the elasticity to alter the quantity of self division to traffic flow management restraints and other necessities. They also originally mean to maintain the free-flight airspace apart from the ground-controlled airspace. The border can be denoted as a curve about the meter fix or the adjacent arrival gate or a plain elevation floor. This can be attuned for traffic intricacy. Very low traffic circumstances could be different. In such cases the free flight region could be as near to the airport as the gauge fix. The arrival setting starts with the aircraft which would arrive at the Center in what they call to be a â€Å"free maneuvering mode†. The flight crews are in charge for division, traffic management restraints at the metering fix are then on relayed from the planner. This is done by using the CTAS Traffic Management Advisor to the flight level, the flight crew on the other hand, is the one anticipated to prepare their flight route to land at the metering fix near the probable time. That is, if scheduling is necessary. The flight crew would then be informed as to where the free flight periphery presently stops. The flight crew would also be informed when to confirm things with the controller (NASA Ames Research center, 2002). The arrival planner continues appraising the circumstances by means of Descent Advisor apparatus and attempts to produce an arrival arrangement for the ground-controlled airspace that the arrival planner would convey to the sector controllers. Once the sector controller obtains the test in from the free maneuvering aircraft, he would then on call off free flight and release the arrival authorization to the aircraft. This would be founded on aircraft choice and arrival plan in that they are likely to fly the arrival authorization to the meter fix accurately. The Center TRACON Automation System apparatus help the TRACON controllers in shaping appropriate aircraft pairs for getting in-trail spacing authorizations. Division in charge hangs about with the organizer all the way through the TRACON (NASA Ames Research center, 2002). This setting permits us to examine most facets of the appropriate Distributive Air Ground Traffic Management concept fundamentals and constructs on the preceding arrival research especially since current deliberations with controllers and pilots was met with positive feedbacks. Among the probable advantages of Distributive Air Ground Traffic Management are: †¢ Amplified user effectiveness/flexibility. DAG-TM presents users paramount prospect to self-optimize their ventures within the vigorous restraints of the Air Traffic Management System. †¢ Amplified system capabilities. Allocation of division accountability to properly furnished aircraft and Air Traffic Service Providers-based DSTs could possibly lessen controller workload, thus permitting the Air Traffic Service Providers to control more traffic. †¢ Amplified system safety because of an important increase in situational understanding and allocation of workload. †¢ Allocation of the expenditures for National Air Space innovation between users and the Air Traffic Service Providers. †¢ Lessened user reliance upon Air Traffic Service Providers assistances and a ground-based infrastructure. This could also intensify global interoperability (Advanced Air Transportation Technologies, 1999). As could be seen the integration of future ground-based ATM decision support systems is very promising. These new technology would indeed be helpful in aiding to augment the overstrained air traffic control systems. This new technology let aircrafts operate safely about traffic and airspace perils (i. e. weather), while still going in accordance with the traffic flow restraints delivered by ground-based controllers (Advanced Air Transportation Technologies, 1999). To try this particular concept, they asked pilots and air traffic controllers to coordinate with each other along with the NASA researchers for a combined simulation. The simulation utilized air traffic control and deck laboratories. â€Å"This joint simulation tested our technology in an almost real-world environment,† stated project manager Mike Landis. â€Å"More than 20 pilots sat at computer workstations ‘flying’ simulated aircraft into a mock-up of the Dallas/Fort Worth airspace. Pilots also flew one of NASA’s high-fidelity, full- motion flight simulators in the joint experiment. The air traffic controllers were able to see all of these aircraft on displays, and the pilots used an autonomous flight management system to plan their own routes and safely and seamlessly fit into the traffic flow. Controllers were able to watch their progress on simulated air traffic control monitors† (Dino, 2004). The airborne segment of the mock-up employed promising technologies which offered real-time air traffic and risk information. It also examined all aircrafts and airspace peril in the surrounding area. Complicated cockpit technology warned the pilots to any sign of conflicts. It also alerts the pilots into how to stop more difficulties when maneuvering. Solutions were offered mechanically or with the use of manual flight route planning apparatus. This is a visual illustration of the DAG-TM concept. â€Å"On the ground, air traffic controllers used new computer software to work the mix of autonomous and conventional air traffic. NASA researchers developed experimental controller workstations for the joint simulation, integrating custom display enhancements with special planning, traffic flow management, and pilot-controller communication technologies† (Dino, 2004). Special software was used to aid in running the traffic flow. This special software was also used to aid the aircrafts which were not furnished with the self-sufficient flight management system, in this regard air traffic control automation observed every aircrafts. They are also responsible for cautioning the controller regarding possible conflicts. These conflicts could be found amid the autonomous and managed traffic. Researchers also examined the way the pilots and air traffic controllers coped with this new invention. â€Å"Researchers measured how hard the pilots and controllers were working,† said Parimal Kopardekar, human factors and operations sub-project manager. â€Å"It’s important that they find this job relatively easy to do, even as traffic levels go up. We believe the computer automation technology will make a big difference† (Dino, 2004). As could be seen the future ground-based ATM decision support systems is very promising. It is of great help for managing air traffic. This method could consent for the effective planning of flights with the use of the most effective paths and flexibility in flight processes. Little by little, as air carriers furnish aircrafts with new technologies, they could effortlessly incorporate them into the system and harvest instant advantages. â€Å"As air travel rebounds in the coming years, additional traffic will tax the air traffic control system beyond its current capability,† said Mark Ballin, aircraft systems and operations sub-project manager. â€Å"NASA is working to develop technologies to transform the way air traffic is managed† (Dino, 2004). A definition for DAG-TM was organized by a multi-disciplinary squad. This team was created by the AATT project office, the Distributed Air Ground Traffic Management is illustrated by allocated decision-making among the flight deck, Air Traffic service Providers and AOC. It is also a National Airspace System operation which augments user effectiveness, flexibility and system capabilities. The Distributed Air Ground Traffic Management advocates that the said definition be assessed as one probable expansion of the numerous Free Flight execution methods presently under deliberation. The concept of strategic arrival management illustrated in the Terminal Area Productivity research could be seen to have many potential. The Distributive Air Ground research shifts from a ground-controlled setting to a more disseminated setting with probably uneven division tasks. NASA Ames is presently organizing a research setting to examine Distributive Air Ground Traffic Management with all main technologies incorporated. Preliminary concepts and settings have been identified and conferred with pilot or controller center groups. Based from the simulations they conducted one could not help but admit the promises this new technology offers. If this new technology is put into use soon it could greatly help in saving time. It would also be beneficial in the sense that this new technology advocates safety as one of its primary goals. As air traffic lessen, safety increases and with that there is definitely no reason not to support this new development. References Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT), Project Aviation System Capacity (ASC), & Program National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (1999). Concept Definition for Distributed Air/Ground Traffic Management (DAG-TM) [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. asc. nasa. gov/aatt/dagconop. pdf Dino, J. (2004). Coast-to-Coast Simulation Tests New Air Traffic Management Concepts [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. nasa. gov/vision/earth/improvingflight/DAG-TM. html NASA Ames Research Center. (2002). DAG-TM Concept Element 5 En Route Free Maneuvering Operational Concept Description [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. asc. nasa. gov/aatt/rto/RTOFinal72_DAGCE50CD. pdf NASA Ames Research Center (2003). DAG-TM Concept Element 6 En Route Trajectory Negotiation Operational Concept Description [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. asc. nasa. gov/aatt/rto/RTOFinal72_DAGCE60CD. pdf The Boeing Company. (2001). Air Traffic Management [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. emotionreports. com/downloads/pdfs/traffic_management. pdf

How are social change and changes in knowledge linked?

It will then proceed by discussing aspects of social change in history, in particular how changes after the 2nd world war challenged old and traditional systems of knowledge. In this discussion this essay will focus on two dominant systems of knowledge, medicine and religion, and in what way the changing role of women in society has challenged these knowledge systems. With regard to religion this essay will also discuss the development of new age beliefs in today's society with relevance to the question is religion in decline? This essay will aim to use relevant examples in this discussion in order to reach a conclusion of the link between social change and changes in knowledge in our society. So lets begin by answering the question what is knowledge? ‘All knowledge is produced, collected, collated and disseminated by human beings living in societies.' (Goldblatt 2000). It is inherited through the language we learn in our daily lives. We use many different sources of knowledge in order to understand where we Come from, who we are and the society within we live it shapes what we know and what we don't know. It is the social structures and institutions within society, which shape the content of knowledge systems, be it in medicine, religion, the political ideologies and so on. They decide who holds the power in within these knowledge systems.' They determine, for example, who has access to specialized knowledge languages (like medical training) and who has socially sanctioned and legal authority to make pronouncements on a given subject.'(Goldblatt 2000). Aside from specialized or expert knowledge there is also a different type of knowledge known as common sense knowledge. This is knowledge, which we all inherit or learn from family and friends, or acquire through outside influences accessible to us such as media or the Internet. It helps us understand or gain alternative knowledge on issues such as our health for example. It often comes in the shape of old wives tales, which have been passed down through generations. The dominant knowledge systems such as medicine religion and so on are not fixed however and when social change occurs, they are forced to respond to these changes, and in consequence it is also knowledge that can then influence change in society and determine how we live our lives. Throughout history society has seen many radical changes within its dominant knowledge systems. We have witnessesed major advances in scientific research, medicine, changes in ‘traditional' religious beliefs and challenges to the dominant political ideologies, particularly following the Second World War. One of the foremost debates today is whether or not there has been a decline in the trust of expert knowledge within all aspects of society. There have always been experts with specialized knowledge even in ancient times. However years ago experts in their field be it science, medicine or religion were always trusted their knowledge was respected and believed as true, scientists, doctors, priests and the like. Although they were never completely unchallenged the authority of their knowledge was secure. However it could be argued that at this time people had no way of acquiring the knowledge to know any different and had no reason to challenge the experts. In time however new discoveries in science, medicine, and with new communication technology evolving all the time in all aspects of society, allowed people much more access to alternative knowledge and information. With this new knowledge people began to ask questions and have their say regarding issues of importance to them. Also new experts were emerging all the time to challenge old knowledge systems. ‘Debates that were once confined to a small circle of influential figures and institutions within each of these traditions are now amplified through the enormously expanded means of communication that now exists' (Goldblatt 2000) It could be fair to argue then that it is not so much that there has been a decline in the trust of experts but that the old and traditional and trusted knowledge systems have become more diverse due to the emerge of alternate forms of knowledge within society, for example, alternative medicine, new political ideologies and so on. Following the 2nd world war feminism had a huge impact for women in all spheres of society. Science, medicine and religion, had largely been dominated by men throughout history. Women had been pretty much excluded from all these dominant knowledge systems. It was men who held superior patriarchy power within all aspects of society. This allows us then to not only question and discuss gendered knowledge but to also look at the interrelation between knowledge and power within these knowledge systems. Lets look at the at a feminist approach adopted by Fox Keller, with relevance to women's place within medical science. She argues that knowledge production is gendered and shaped by patriarchy within social structures in society. ‘Modern science †¦ is based on a division of emotional and intellectual labour in which objectivity, reason and mind are cast as male and subjectivity, feeling and nature are cast as female. Science involves a radical separation of subject and object and ultimately the domination of mind over nature. The result is a popular conception of science – one that is more suited to men than women'. (Fox Keller). An example of this is the Royal Society founded by Charles II in1662. It was argued that the knowledge produced within this society was because of its ‘gentlemanly origins. They saw the importance of objective knowledge over subjective knowledge within the field of science and medicine. Women's knowledge at this time was ‘devalued and relegated to folk medicine' (Thompson and woodward 2000). It was due to the fact that women were excluded from higher education and therefore unable to attend medical universities, hence were unable to enter the medical field without training. ‘Power over Knowledge was used to maintain a structure in which women were systematically excluded from a male medical monopoly' (Thompson and Woodward) Today however, due largely to the emerge of feminism, women now have equality with men in the medical profession, and other dominant knowledge systems such as religion. As with medicine religion too was dominated by the patriarchy power within society. In fact it wasn't until 1992 that women were finally accepted into the priesthood. In contemporary society women have challenged the patriarchy of old and traditional religious beliefs in favour of new understanding of religion and what it means for them. Many women now focus on a more spiritual beliefs, one movement dedicated to this is that of eco-feminism. ‘Eco-feminism is a new term for an ancient wisdom. As women in various movements – ecology, peace, feminist and especially health – rediscovered the independence and connectedness of everything, they also discovered what was called spiritual dimension of life – the realization of this interconnectedness was itself sometime called spirituality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.The desire to recover, to regenerate [this] wisdom as a means to liberate women and nature from patriarchal destruction also motivated this turning towards spirituality.'(Mies and Shiva, 1997, p,500). So it is fair to argue that due to social change brought about by the emerge of feminism women have challenged both gendered knowledge and the power of knowledge in medicine and religion. The rise of Eco-feminism however is just one of the many alternative or new age beliefs within religion today. Which begs the question of religion in contemporary society and whether it is in decline. Or could it be that as with the knowledge system of medicine or expert knowledge in general, religion has become so diverse due to social change and the emerge of alternative religious beliefs brought about because of these changes. Religion has changed significantly throughout history. Following the emerge of the Royal Society and the intellectual movement throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, known as ‘The Age of Reason', (Enlightenment), it was argued that ‘Science replaced religion as the dominant source of knowledge'(Woodward and Watt 2000) However religion has always played an important role for people within society due to the fact that unlike scientific knowledge it is religion, which helps us make sense of the moral issues that, can affect us in our daily lives. Social scientists debate into the question is religion in decline is known as the secularization thesis. Some argue that it is modernization, which is a threat to traditional religious thinking by citing new age beliefs as being responsible for this. Some argue that people now fill their time with other leisure activities instead. It is also argued that other forms of thought have taken over religion such as science for example. The fact also that the UK is now a multicultural society means there are many diverse forms of religion apart from the church of England. There are two main approaches in this debate positivist, whose approach is based on observing peoples behaviour toward religion. They use quantitative evidence such as questionnaires and surveys, which is argued may be limiting. The interpretative approach however would argue humans cannot be observed in the same way as objects. There aim is understand what religion or people's beliefs mean to them and aim to explore those meanings from different perspectives. It can be argued that religion in contemporary society has become a significantly diverse knowledge system. Ethnic beliefs, women's challenge to patriarchal religion and the emerge of new age beliefs, be it alternative medicine or green issues have meant that the traditional Church of England the dominant form of religion any more. So in conclusion then this essay began by defining what is knowledge. It then proceeded by questioning expert knowledge with regard to social change. It then focused on two dominant knowledge systems medicine and religion and discussed how the emerge of feminism challenged the knowledge systems. Lastly it discussed briefly the role of religion in contemporary society and questioned whether it is in decline and the relevance of women's, ethnic and new age beliefs. It is fair to argue that the discussion in this essay does conclude that there is a significant link, not only between social change and knowledge but knowledge and social change.

A Holiday In Italy Essay Research Paper

A Vacation In Italy Essay, Research Paper I ve merely come back from Italy after my 12 yearss trip at that place. It was fantastic to makenew friends during traveling, plus they are nice people excessively. Ironically, Italy is an ancient state, which full of historical heritages, particularly during the Roman Empire. There were a batch of statues and pictures in galleries and museums. In Rome, there has nil but tonss of museum, galleries, churches and Roman forums. It was wash uping to go for whole twenty-four hours on pes. I walked 10 hours a twenty-four hours during in Rome. I spent three yearss at that place, walking about within the museums and galleries. Well, for two yearss my eyes had seen a batch of statues and pictures until I got tired of them. Apart from that, I went to see some of the celebrated churches in Rome, particularly San Peter Church on which was nearby Vatican City. This church is superb and good decorated with statues, pictures and carvings on the ceilings. I don t cognize how to depict it in English. But if one twenty-four hours you have the chance to see Italy in future, you will cognize how great it is. There was something raging me really much during the 2nd twenty-four hours in Rome. I was robbed by two little misss who were at their age of 15 old ages old when I came out from the station office. At first, they came to me inquiring for money by stating me that you were hungering, needed some money to purchase nutrient. I ignored them and walked off. They kept following and drawing my suit. I said I didn Ts have money to give them. Suddenly, I felt a manus fumbling in my pocket. No uncertainty, I caught her handstiffly and I found that they were stealing my money from my pocket. My money was scattered on the floor. I released my custodies to pick up all my money back and the two misss walked off as if nil happened. I chasedthem and shouted for the constabulary. But cipher bothered me. One of the misss pulled up her jumper, demoing her chests in order to halt me barricading their manner. Finally, I gave up and allow them acquire off. I was wholly devastated with this incident which happened in the beginning of the twenty-four hours. Besid es, I went to Florence, Lucca, Pisa, Verona and Vanice. In Vanice, I met an Italian gay guy offering me money to have sex withhim. This happened when I was walking along the bank. A guy started talking to me and then helping me out lots in taking pictures. He also showedme around in one of the Islands in Vanice called Lido. Apart from that, he also bought me drinks and offered to stay in his house by telling me that it was costly to stay in the hotel. So I followed him to hisstudio to have lunch with him. The studio was deserted. There was only he andI in the studio. After filling up our stomach, he started to dance and taught me how to dance. I started suspecting that he was gay as he got closed to me. Suddenly, he embraced me and telling me he loved me. I pushed him away without doubt. He begged me to take off my trousers but I refused. And then, he asked if I want money. He was offering me money to have sex with him. And i said I don t need any money. He begged meto hug him from the back. So that he could do masturbation. I did helping him doing masturbation by pretending hugging at his back. Eventually, his sperm spilt on the floor. After that, I told him that I would have to go somewhere and rang up a friend of mine to let her know that I would stay over night in his house. I pretended to be interested in staying in his house. So I asked his phone number and I said I would give him a call in the evening. But I didn t phone him at all. So Ileft Vanice without his notice. Queuing That s the ridiculous experiences I got in Italy. Anyway, I was glad to know that someone admired me. But it was a pity that it was a gay guy. In the other hand, I met some nice Argentinian and Italianduring the entirely journey. They invited me to stay in their house if I come to visit Argentina. We exchanged address and promised to write to each other. A friend of mine was Italian. I stayed few days in her friends house. Within the few days, we had had meal together. After that I had great conversation with them. I felt great because these let me know more about Italian and their cultures.

Philosophical foundations of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Philosophical foundations of education - Essay Example However, there are some general strategies that work effectively. The essential thing to keep in mind about managing the learning environment is that it needs an on-going process in which the teacher must be a keen observer, facilitator, conversationalist, and manager. Different strategies are being used by teachers, and key school personnel to promote learning and to create a positive learning environment. Manning observations stated that "there is a growing consensus that a positive and safe learning environment is one that emphasizes cooperation, collaboration, and peaceful existence, and is one that is free from threats of psychological or physical harm-- that is, an environment that reflects caring and concern for all students" (2000). Establish the type of environment and the desired behaviour for the students - It requires set of goals, general and specific objectives, and the necessary skills needed to be developed, in order to decide what behavioural goals the facilitator is trying to attempt to achieve with the students. Behaviour development is necessary for students' growth and learning. This strategy can promote a positive learning environment when initially done within the learning process. ... uld be geared so students can achieve the essential skills to carry on the desired behaviours, once students understand the set behavioural goals and objectives. "The surroundings in which children learn can greatly influence their academic performance and well-being in school. The architecture, layout, decor and facilities of the [their] school all play a vital role in shaping the learning environment" as cited in World Wide Web (Teachernet.gov.uk). Generally, student behaviour is dependent on teachers' behaviours. If a teacher is attentive on the effect of his or her behaviour towards the students, he/she can change it to direct them toward the desired behavioural goals. According to McFarland, a teacher influences his or her students by both content and contact and can leave a long-lasting impression (2005). As a role-model of the students, the behaviour of the teacher could help create positive impact to students in achieving the projected behavioural goals and objectives, leading to a positive learning environment. Promote respect when dealing with students - Ralph Emerson said, "The "secret of Education lies in respecting the pupil." It is not for the teacher to choose what the pupil will know and do, but for the pupil to discover "his own secret." The teacher therefore must "wait and see the new product of Nature" (1888, pp.125-59). The teacher must have confidence that his/her students also desire to do the right thing. Students' positive expectations will become self-gratifying and transmission of these expectations to students happens in a number of ways. One of the most understandable and prevailing way is through personal relationships in which teachers and other school personnel converse to students, 'This work is important; I know you can do it; I

What exactly makes a good counsellor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What exactly makes a good counsellor - Essay Example All a counselor does is dealing and communicating with human beings in need of help and guidance. Therefore, a good counselor should be a compassionate human, a gentle friend and a sympathetic listener, before every other thing. The role of counseling today is evidently on the rise in every walk of life, whether it is work, health, family, personal, social or individual lives of human beings.This paper provides an investigation into the core traits or characteristics that conjure up, in the truest sense, the picture of a good counselor.For this purpose, the paper provides a brief exploration of the term 'counseling' to illustrate what the role of counsellor actually entails and then proceeds to the crux of the discussion, i.e., an evaluation of the essential features that make a good counselor in any field.Counselling, fundamentally is a term used to refer to the collaboration of a person with other people to help them easily cope with the problems encountered in life and guide them to act decisively and hopefully towards their goals. As Burks and Stefflre (1979, p14) define it,"Counseling denotes a professional relationship between a trained counsellor and a client. This relationship is usually person-to-person designed to help clients to understand and clarify their views of their life space, and to learn to reach their self-determined goals through meaningful, well-informed choices and through resolution of problems of an emotional or interpersonal nature". Hence, the authors' words mentioned above comprehensively pen down the complete picture of a counsellor's role and responsibility in effectuating significance and instigating substance into one's life. The main purpose of the counselling profession revolves around the word 'help', i.e., whatever the counsellor does is meant only to help, assist or guide a person or client to bring about change in his life in a successful or at least in a satisfied and confident fashion. Man-tak Yuen (1993, p30) depict that, "in counselling, the client is helped to increase self-consciousness, develop positive self-concept, commit in relationships, achieve in tasks, and strive for meanings in life". What Makes A Good Counsellor At the essence of this paper is the exploration of the aspects crucial for the development of a good counsellor. Observed efficaciously, there appears to be a bundle of attributes that the researchers (e.g. Man-tak Yuen (1993), Combs, Richard and Richard (1976), and Peavy (1997) etc.) point out to be essential in building a good counsellor. What actually is pre-eminent in becoming a good counsellor is a cluster of human, social and professional values instigated into a single personality. These specific qualities or features, as they may be referred to, are important in developing the personality of the counsellor to the extent that he can be able to guide others in an efficient and responsible manner. Some of these dimensions have been specified by Man-tak Yuen (1993, p32) as "positive self-concept, belief in human dignity and potentiality, acuity, and counsellors' capacities to orientate towards goal and communicate respect, empathy, genuineness and concreteness are essential personal qualities of an effective counsellor". All these qualities are, in essence, personal and human qualities that are imperative for a counsellor for the reason that if he lacks these traits for himself, there will remain less probability that he inspires these attributes into other human beings. In order to help clients invigorate effective personal qualities into their lives, the counsellor needs to experience these values primarily. People are different in their backgrounds, approaches, thoughts, feelings, attitudes and responses. To know how to communicate and help different kind of people, a good counsellor should be ready to learn to dig out the perceptions of people he comes across. Combs, Richard and Richard (1976) (as cited in Man-tak Yuen, 1993, p30) explain this as, "when we know how people see themselves, much of their behaviours become clear to us, and often we can predict with great accuracy what they are likely to do next".

How will you Identify, Cultivate, and Thank the Donors at the School Assignment

How will you Identify, Cultivate, and Thank the Donors at the School - Assignment Example The process of fundraising funnel starts with prospecting (Graecht, 2014). My core strategy would be to build the  prospect list. For instance, I would ask my current donors and Board of Directors for referrals. I would like to inquire if they know any people would want to know more about my cause/organization. The podcast specifically mentions that a non-for profit organization should usually look forward to having individual donors and not expect big organizations to take an interest in my cause. I will try to identify individuals that I can connect with and possibly build a relationship. Even if I do not get direct donors by prospecting, but the prospect that I converse with might probably lead me to a major donor. Before asking for direct referrals, I need to build a stable relationship with my current prospects. And it takes a lot of efforts to strengthen this relationship. Not-for-profit organizations do well with regular donors (Graecht, 2014). One does not need to introduce the cause (pitching) and do the fishing every time to get the donations. A lifelong relationship with regular donors is the best way to fund my project. I would like to hold ‘non-ask events’ because they are not intimidating. People are more comfortable in coming to and interacting in these events as compared to direct donation events. But as I’ve already mentioned that the first step is to develop a relationship with a few people. From then onwards I can ask them for referrals or indirectly ask for donations. From the study material, it is clear that hardly anyone gives contribution when directly asked for money (Graecht, 2014). It is a passive strategy, but very effective because the people need to see the cause and the impact that their contributions will make. I would also develop a story for my project.

Lab Management Software Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Lab Management Software - Research Paper Example Lab management software is a set of software technologies meant to replace manual systems in the lab. They are used to automate operations in a lab. The need for lab management software arises from the poor management of lab samples and related analysis including reports obtained after tedious manual processes often cumbered with errors (Dessy & Starling, 2013). Lab management software advance efficiency and collaboration in a modern computer lab by incorporating information. In so doing these software accelerate innovations and facilitate sustainability strategies. These software can be tailored to meet specific requirements for protecting and managing intellectual property (Pearce, 2012). In addition, the software can be used in the planning, analyzing, executing, mining and reporting of experiments and experimental results. This section delves into the analysis of the benefits of using lab management software as opposed to the manual process of recording and managing experiments and experiment data. One benefits of lab management software is assisting lab personnel in making orders. This is because it allows searching across multiple vendors to compare prices of lab equipment and supplies (Pearce, 2012). Further, the personnel may also search from a large database that offers a huge variety of products and thus choose to add new items. Lab management software helps managers to view orders of all their members in one place, and easily edit and remove duplicate and unnecessary items during the processing of orders (Dessy & Starling, 2013). Additionally, lab management software is essential in inventory management. It allows lab personnel to track the location, details and status of lab supplies (Pearce, 2012). Here automatic reports are generated for this tracking. Further, use of lab management software allows for integration with external data. According to Nichols (2011), these systems allow for linking of online data with an existing

Robot Lawnmowers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Robot Lawnmowers - Essay Example The sellers make their customers buy them and thus ample time is saved for attracting new clientele and persuading them to buy robot lawnmowers. This not only saves time but also offers huge profit. 2.1.3. The best robot lawnmowers that are being sold in the market holding positive feedback from the elderly and the disabled consumers include Robomower, Lawnbott, and Husqvarna Automower (Squidoo LLC, 2011). Robomower is being made by a company in Israel named Friendly Robotics, and is being traded into the US by Systems Trading Corporation (STC). Lawnbott is being made by an Italian company named Zucchetti Centro Sistemi and is being imported by Kyodo America (KA). It is marketed by the name of Ambrogio in Europe. Automower is made by a Swedish company and is imported and marketed by official Husqvarna dealers. 2.2.1.1. Robot market is developing at a fast pace since robots are making lives easier by automating the systems and leaving enough time for leisure along with saving money (Fuller, 1991). Since new technology is continuously replacing the old one, the price of robot lawnmowers is dropping and is expected to further drop in the coming years with a simultaneous increase in their usage especially by consumers who are elderly or are disabled. 2.2.1.2. The technology regarding the hardware, software and design is being improved but the component prices are dropping since the demand is increasing. The robot market is seriously considering the needs of the elderly and the disabled persons and the robot lawnmower market also consider them their biggest consumers. 2.2.3.1. The robotic mower market is expected to quadruple in the coming few years. However, at least a decade is needed for these lawnmowers to replace the contractors’ business so in the meanwhile the contractors can make use of these intelligent devices to make money in their businesses. 2.6.2. In

Are Both Alien and Sedition Act and Hartford Convention No Longer Rele Coursework

Are Both Alien and Sedition Act and Hartford Convention No Longer Relevant - Coursework Example The Alien and Sedition Acts were signed into law by President John Adams in 1798. The Alien Act was approved on July 6, 1798. The Alien Act which was an Act Respecting Alien Enemies had three sections while the Sedition Act also is known as An Act in Addition to the Act, Entitled "An Act for the Punishment of Certain Crimes against the United States had four sections.It was very apparent during those times that Federalists composed more than half of the Members of the Congress. With this advantage, they enacted laws that aim to place limitations and restrictions on the rights of immigrants in the United States. The Alien Act was viewed to be a way of threatening the Irish immigrants.In general, this act increased the residency requirement for American citizenship. It was initially five years and was increased to fourteen years. Aside from this, the President was given the authorization to imprison or deport aliens who were proven to be "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States". The Act also defined the role of the courts and marshals to apprehend convene and remove aliens who were considered to be threats to the safety and peace of the United States.The Sedition Act aimed to silence and to limit the freedom of speech and freedom of the press. With the majority of the Congress in the hands of the Federalists, this was also viewed as their tactic to confine and contain the power and strength of the Republicans. This Act stated that any persons who gather together with the goal of challenging, questioning or opposing the implementation of the law of the United States were to subject to imprisonment of not less than six months and not exceeding five years with an additional fine of five thousand dollars.  

To determine obesity Essay Example for Free

To determine obesity Essay To determine obesity the BMI score of the subject is compared to the standard table used and the percentile is taken (CDC, 2007) The BMI-for-age percentile is utilized to interpret the BMI score and one should note that BMI for the younger group is age and sex specific, this is so because amount of fat fluctuate in children and the amount of fat is also dissimilar with boys compared to girls. Obtaining the percentile is the most common indicator in assessment of the size and growth structure of the child, this percentile will be used to note the position of the BMI obtained among same age and peer groups. The weight status of the child is then determined and CDC (2007) categorized percentile ratings as follows: A table of Body Index Score is provided below: According to the NHLBI website one should also note that children who are overweight, obese or extremely obese have increased risk for diseases like type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders, with the risks rated as children who are overweight and carries a body index of 25-29. 9 score have increased risk for such diseases, while obese children who has a 30 – 39. 9 classed as class I and II obesity BMI have a higher risk to develop the diseases mentioned. And the extremely obese children who scores 40 and above BMI are exceedingly at risk for development of the diseases usually associated only with the older population. A table of which is provided below: Results from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), by means of measured heights and weights, designated that a projected 16 percent of children and adolescents with ages 6 to 19 years of age are obese. As it might be noted in Figure 1, this statistics represents a 45 percent mark up from the overweight estimates of 11 percent obtained from NHANES III (1988-94) not over ten years passed. Factors that Predicts Obesity in Children There are many reasons why children become obese. Although there genes do play a role in this fiasco, it will be noted that it cannot alone be blamed for the inordinate amount of obese children that has continued. The most common causative factors that are linked to obesity can be construed as genetics, as was previously mentioned, add to that a lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating habits or more likely a combination of the factors mentioned. One can say that obesity is the same for adults and children, and the underlying cause the same also, too much intake of food and very little physical activity. Realize that many children aged 8-16 years watches television for hours a day and it is shown that those children that watch the most television have the highest chance for obesity.

Importance of and Benefits of Active Listening

Importance of and Benefits of Active Listening Active listening skill as a way that determines patient understanding, professed need and of disseminating psychological support. Practice skill, context and stakeholders Active listening as a skill is executed in a haemodialysis component propagate within a remote General hospice where important numerals of persons suffering from End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) are tended after by employing renal dialysis. Maintenance support is administered frequently to the terminally ill who return to the health centres time an time again for cognitive interception by psychologists as patients grapple with the precincts of their cure, health status and the implicit underlying their everyday undertakings. The fact that patients are dynamic accomplices in care management, their frame of reference is an imperative aspect for the running of the renal facility. Consequently, (Gobet, F. 2005) wide-ranging care of renal patients demands proficiency in care managements, this includes, a keen interest to moral, psychosocial as well as sacred concerns associated to foundation, systematic, maintenance, and terminating dialysis course of action. Persons suffering from renal co mplications expect more information as well as early intervention of care management debate. In this case, information should be inclined to focus more on the individual and how the disease and interceptions would hamper their existence as well as likeness and what they treasure the most. Hayes, B. and Adams, R. (2000) affirms that, determining supposed advantages of care management besides recognizing persons suffering from renal anomalies, in addition, to their personal empowerment is elementary for proficient framing of enhanced care management and implicitly for determining patients ability to take part in assisted care management. The declarative component Being with renal patients for almost two decades I am confident in receiving their signals of distress and their need for someone to be there for them before even they say a word. As a nurse I am aware of other symptoms of renal disease comprises of anti-psychotherapy, irritation and emotions which are constraints to chronic ailments like this in addition the symptoms will assist the nurse in actively listening to the renal patients. Indeed, Gopee, et al (2004), contents that the skilled use of non-verbal communication via silence, facial expression, touch and closer physical proximity appeared to facilitate active listening, and aided to bring up compassion. Discourse should be initiated by the health expert as this will allow the patient to express and share their emotions and incidents this requires creation of retreat and emotional break. Quietly being with renal patients and communicating non-verbally was an effective form of communication, it is suggested that effective communication is dependent on the nurses talent to listen and utilise non-verbal communication skills. In addition it is clear that manifestation on practical experience can be a significant technique of uncovering and exploring tacit knowledge in nursing. Reflective individual knowledge is the most substantive form of knowledge and must properly constitute the body of knowledge of a practice discipline. As a health care provider, I was meant to be positive as it is important in helping to comprehend and learn from patients emotions. Moreover, Howard-Jones, P. (2002), expansion practice skill involves caring for difficulty episodes as a self assessment tool and tool learning experience hence, self-assurance is the ultimate aspect in the practice knowledge. Creating records depicting the treatment of the disease is significant as it will help in the analysis, assessment and widen the comprehension of useful incidents. Consequently, in the framework of recent studies, experiences gained through demonstration should be shares with other colleagues. Demonstration offers an opportunity to learn from previous occurrences whats more to produce original thoughts or examine ideas to find out which might be harmless and achievable. The process component At these moments, I shall make use of the accessible resources; thus of mind, body as well as the spirit to vividly drum sense into the patients head, consequently, an indescribable eminence logically emerged in our rapport. As Pearson (2004), puts it plain and clear as ‘present tense concern or ‘being there, declaring: â€Å"the ability to for individual charisma, that aspect of tending after, and caring for the sick closely to a level where the shared civilization is accredited, is the basis of much of nursing as a caring custom†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Besides, instinctive understanding as presence and believes that: â€Å"presence is basically affording oneself to someone as a treasure, in this case, this is approved by the nurse as well as the renal patient†¦Ã¢â‚¬ During this phase, I was more alert to patients, listening closely to their needs as well as wishes and ready to act as per their demands. I was more concern about grasping diverse perspectives of experience, the expressive; precisely, the ‘joints are paining me severely, the sequential (how things unfolded), the figurative; the patient could start enlisting about the life at home an aspect that expected my sympathy and later optimistic encouragement. Being more sensitive to the message I was conveying enabled me to create and adapt this in a more caring and individual way. Interestingly, on the other hand, nurses perceived their inter-individual style as tending to the authoritative rather than facilitative. Perhaps my inter-individual style was normally more authoritative; on the other hand, by adapting and expanding the active listening features of my communication it had become facilitative. Moreover, by abandoning professional detachment in favour of closeness amid the renal patients, and me, empathic affinities developed. Ideally this phase is all about my recognizing and blending of signs and symptoms with knowledge of the past patient. For instance, a previous patient exhibited symptoms of depression an aspect that would easily usher in suicidal syndromes. In this case a patient who portrays the same symptoms would require a psychiatrist attention that might assist in determining the impact of treatment and the side effects of the treatment on the patient. Ultimately, after a close examination, and listening keenly, on top of reviewing the patients previous accounts regarding the disease, I was able to administer the effect of the medication and determine if alternative conduits could improve the patients condition, and all this was to be done by observing the treatment protocol of the same disease. Underpinning knowledge Ian McWhinney (1989) asserts that ‘If we could all just learn to listen, everything else would fall into place. Listening is the key to being patient centered. Anyone can learn how to be a better listener; however this kind of learning is not like learning something that is added to what we know. This Kind is a peeling away of things that are get in the way of listening, like our fears, our worries, of how one can might respond to what is hear. Therefore, according to Kennedy, C.M. (2004), effective communication call for the comprehension of active listening features of nurse in connection to renal patient associated. Even though accessing the right data at the correct time seem to be difficulty. In addition, Fowler, L. (1998) states that psychological of interpersonal communication; this form of knowledge requires that listeners comprehend, construe and assess what they heard. Communication is significant in active listening as it enhances personal relationships by reducing c onflicts, supporting cooperation, as well as encouraging understanding. However, interpersonal communiquà © is hindered by in adequate knowledge mainly in the case of cultural disparities and use of scientific jargons leads to misinterpretation. Therefore, for effective emotional of interpersonal communication emotions, considerations of the patients background should be evaded during dialogue. Psychology of chronic illness and coping; it could be of great benefit if renal patient and practitioners complying with active listening sills. Practitioners need to bear in mind the emotions needs of chronic patients because in many instances they express and share their experiences non-verbally. Forte, P. and Forstrom, S. (1998) affirms that, it is imperative for medical experts to collect non-verbal information as it will them respond faster to their needs as argued by Forte, P. and Forstrom, S. (1998). As a nurse I usually focus on attaining frameworks associated to assessment of competency and not emotions to help the renal patients or even impacts of medication on the patients self-esteem, as noted by Gask, et al. (2005), because these concepts are portrayed as difficulty initiated by insufficient knowledge. In addition the performance settings are more demanding with extremely patients being treated with short period of communication. Therefore, knowledge centres can be evaluated by means of short trainings courses that where a lot will be covered in pragmatic manner. How decisions are made While its not easy working in the renal care field, it is also not easy being a renal patient. In some cases, the therapeutic dilemma (in this case, there is usually a congregation and they come chunky and speedy as the patient brazen out a series of anomalies, contagions, dialysis scientific intricacies, contacting facilities, exhaustion, malformed body image†¦) at hand represents the scariest, most earth-shattering experience of the renal patients life. According to Dowding, D. and Thompson, C. 2004, the individuals physical and financial worlds might have been shaken to the core by their therapeutic condition. Chances are, the renal patient is feeling extremely vulnerable and out of control. Therefore, if for example a patient, who is not complying with diet or therapeutic leadership, avoids cautioning the individual, this in part might serve to accomplish little part from raising defences. Then reiterate why its significant to stay on the particular diet or to take the regim en of prescribed medications. End by asking if there is anything can do to aid set up things more convenient for them. This approach wont guarantee success, but it will allow the renal patient to save enough face to stay in a game in which both desperately need cooperation (Douw, K., Vondeling, H. and Oortwijn, W.2006). In scenarios where the patient expressed their home condition was rather tricky in the sense that it required me to preclude pitiable judgements and alter precision when evaluating the patients current symptoms with the previous one. This pattern comparison is necessary. After listening keenly to the patients emotional expression, I was in a position to a variety of options ranging from what ought to be prioritised, the area that required more listening and choosing the best intervention strategy. The issues enlisted by the patient granted me the audacity to pick on ultimate decisions while I was reviewing the historical accounts of the patient, (Kennedy, C.M. 2004). With the accessible information I was able to identify indicators that would have helped me determine novel pattern of characters that reflect incredible ideas about the condition. Again, by using the accessible data and posing further query while keenly listening to the patient I grasped the technicality in summarizing the suppositions that comprehensively describe the occurrence and recommend the best prescription. The decision making phase is a stage where ethics guided me with regard to the options I embarked on. Emotions were muted off as that killer punch move was contemplated. This is the most critical phase, by which a patient might fully regain or can as well die. In short the options that an expert will take are a matter of life and death, Dornan, T. and Bundy, C.2004). Conclusions Research findings deduce that active listening is an imperative facet especially when caring for the sick. For instance, Leach, D. (2002) ideas enlisted in a case study involving patients suffering from chronic renal complexities, active listening has been enlisted as the underlying factors towards complete recuperation. This is so because; through active listening medical experts have the audacity to determine a way forward. Consequently, active listening in one way or another facilitates faster healing owing to the fact that various ailments are psychological propagated and simply require empathic response. Active listening, on the extreme end is imperative in the sense that it helps experts determine indicators with that accessible information an aspect that prompts for deep investigations to unravel the underlying issues. Grouping signals is significant, since it will help the practitioners to determine novel pattern of characters that reflect incredible ideas about the condition . On top of that, myriad aspects are associated in line to every call for vigilant assessment. Foremost, the practitioners can come up with an outline of skills which is very descriptive; this is significant since it helps in establishing the right medication for a patient. References Kendall-Raynor, P. (2007) ‘Cautious Welcome for Plans to Reform Professional Regulation, Nursing Standard, 21 (25), p.5. Kennedy, C.M. (2004) ‘A Typology of Knowledge for District Nursing Assessment Practice, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 45 (4), pp.401-409. Dornan, T. and Bundy, C. (2004) ‘What Can Experience Add to Early Medical Education? Consensus Survey, British Medical Journal, 329 (834). Douw, K., Vondeling, H. and Oortwijn, W. (2006) ‘Priority Setting for Horizon Scanning of New Health Technologies in Denmark: Views of Health Care Stakeholders and Health Economists, Health Policy, 76 (3), pp.334-45. Dowding, D. and Thompson, C. (2004) ‘Using Judgement to Improve Accuracy in Decision-making, Nursing Times, 100 (22), pp.42-44. Forte, P. and Forstrom, S. (1998) ‘Work Complexity Assessment: Decision Support Data to Address Cost and Culture Issues, Journ Nursing Administration, 28 (1), pp.46-53. Fowler, L. (1998) ‘Improving Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 14 (4), pp.183-187. Gask, et al. (2005) ‘Evaluating STORM Skills Training for Managing People at Risk Suicide, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 54 (6), pp.739-750. Gobet, F. (2005) ‘Chunking Models of Expertise: Implications for Education, Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19, pp.183-204. Gopee, et al (2004) ‘Effective Clinical Learning in Primary Care Settings, Nursing Standard, 18 (37), pp.33-37. Hayes, B. and Adams, R. (2000) ‘Parallels between Clinical Reasoning and Categorization in Higgs, J. and Jones, M. (Editors) Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions, Edinburgh, Butterworth Heinemann, pp.45-53. Howard-Jones, P. (2002) ‘A Dual-state Model of Creative Cognition for Supporting Strategies That Foster Creativity in the Classroom, International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 12, pp.215-226. Ian McWhinney (1989) ‘Clinical Education Facilitators: A Literature Review, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14 (6), pp.664-673. Leach, D. (2002) ‘Building and Assessing Competence: The Potential for Evidence-based Graduate Medical Education, Quality Management in Health Care, 11 (1), pp.39-44.

Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser as Responses to Vichy France Essay

Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser as Responses to Vichy France The Second World War seems to have had an enormous impact on theorists writing on literary theory. While their arguments are usually confined to a structure that at first blush seems to only apply to theory, a closer examination finds that they contain an inherently political aspect. Driven by the psychological trauma of the war, theorists, particularly French theorists, find themselves questioning the structures that led to the particular events and situations of the war. Many of these writers found themselves driven to engage the lackluster resistance against the Vichy regime in France and sought critical models that explain or lay to rest the guilt of a complacent citizenry. In particular, Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser reshaped the notion of the author and the subject to encompass the existence of a complacent citizenry. Sartre primarily concerned himself with the role of the author while Althusser addressed the role of the subject. It must be remembered, however, that Sartre’s model of the committed author has implications that modify the notion of the subject to some extent, just as Althusser’s model of ideology modifies the concept of the author. In accordance to their focus (the author or the subject), the two writers come to contradictory conclusions regarding the role of personal responsibility. Addressing the issue of a complacent citizenry in â€Å"What is Literature?†, Sartre’s abstract notions of the writer reveal a certain preoccupation with the failed resistance in World War II. Specifically, he chooses to directly address the Resistance poets: How can one hope to provoke the indignation or the political enthusiasm of the rea... ... the complexity and the guilt of a complacent citizenry, both writers re-evaluated the idea of the author and the subject. In spite of being largely contradictory, they both leave room for some agreement. One could argue that the choice presented by the author to the subject in Sartre fits within Althusser’s ideology of ideologies. Insofar as it is the author’s responsibility to reveal the ideology, the world, to the subject and it is the subject’s responsibility to interpret the ideology or the text. However, this common ground is both narrow and unstable and would be difficult, at best, to support. References Althusser, Louis. â€Å"Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses.† Contemproary Critical Theory. Dan Latimer (ed.). San Diego: Harcourt 1989. Sartre, Jean-Paul. â€Å"What is Literature?† and Other Essays. Cambradge, MA: Harvard University Press 1988.

Importance and Benefits of Educational Research Essay -- Education

Importance and Benefits of Educational Research â€Å"When a student is ready, the teacher appears† is an ancient Buddhist proverb that is packed with wisdom (Smith, 2002). No matter how hard a teacher tries, if the student is not ready to learn, chances are good he or she will not bet. Luckily, students are present in the classroom because they want to be. Introduction When school-age children first enter the classroom, there is apprehension and uncertainty. What they have learned from informal education generally started within the home, or a non home-based learning environment. Whereas for most adults, being out of the classroom for even a few years can make going back to school intimidating. If they have not taken a class in decades, it is understandable that they would have some degree of apprehension about what it will be like and how well they will do. It is the job of the educator to listen carefully for teaching moments and take advantage of them. Therefore, it is imperative for an educator, at whatever level of their teaching capacity, to be culturally aware of differences that are present within the classroom, have the ability to embrace and enhance the educational environment, even when challenged with perceived multicultural barriers. Due to the multi-nationality, language-based classrooms that apparent within the educational realm, it is imperative to incorporate unlimited possibilities to review the information presented. No one student learns alike, therefore, a variety of different deliveries are needed to impact student retention, as well as content knowledge. Theory of Learning Learning is a lifelong activity. Learning occurs intentionally in formal instructional settings and incidentally through experience.... ...eting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C. Driscoll, M. P. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction. (3rd ed., pp. 3-4, 317-320). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Nieto, S., & Bode, P. (2008). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education. (pp. 424-425). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Smith, M. K. (2002). Malcolm Knowles, informal adult education, self-direction and andragogy, The Encyclopedia of Informal Education, www.infed.org/thinkers/et-knowl.htm. Venezia, C., Venezia, G., Cavico, F. J., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2011). Is ethics education necessary: A comparative study of moral cognizance in Taiwan and the United States. The International Business and Economic Research journal, 10(3), 17-28. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/862378382/135B025F94D739B0295/6?accountid=45844

Essay --

According to Ullah (2010) stated selection is importance is given to select right workers for right position. Once a pool of candidates has been identified through the recruitment process the most appropriate candidate, or candidates are identified through a selection process including but not limited to interviewing, reference checking and testing. Workers make difference through their job performance because company is realizing the value of good employee. Hill (2005) stated the good workers of selection for MNCs who not only have the skill to perform particular jobs but also need to ‘fit’ the prevailing culture of the firm. Different of selection methods are used to identify the right worker. ‘Interview’ is a very useful tool to select right worker. Objective of selection process is to identify the candidates who are suitable for vacancy or wider requirement HR plan. First step of selection process is preliminary interview. Interviewer is accepting the referees’ report even with telephone interview, checking primary sources, obtaining corroborative information from institutional and other source. Telephone interview is to cut down on waste time.(Bassett, Ramesy, chan, 2010) Second step of selection process is review of applications and resumes. For example written or oral statement that addresses the selection criteria, referees’ reports and applicant’s resume/curriculum vitae to submit interviewer. (Patterson et al., 2005). Interviewer should review the application forms, resume, test scores (if any) and any correspondence that would be useful in understanding the candidate’s background. Resume of candidate is used as an attention- getter and a means for allowing to get his /her foot into the door. It can be considered as ... ...n is corporate turnover. Internal employees familiar with organization procedures, policies and culture. For example, employees will know about projected are organized, use of consensus building in the decision making process and how to conducted the meeting. External employee have to fulfills the skills and experience needed for a position but not fit into company culture. Contribution within the work organization is high efficiency and productivity. The workers choose through policy will perform their job very efficiency and effectively. Employee will increase the productivity to company. Otherwise, contribution within the work organization is high morale. Workers get job satisfaction from organization. Workers feel the organization reward hard working by offering an opportunity to take new responsibilities or move to a department in which a worker an interest.

Review of Literature Related to Composite Materials

008.png"/> Research inquiry Research Questions Q. How can composite stuffs change the usage of normally used stuffs in today’s building industry? Q. How can plan inventions change the belongingss of stuffs or group / combination of stuffs? Q. Can composite stuffs replace the steel concrete building everyplace or is this attack limited to merely few subdivisions of building like low to mid rise edifices? PurposeTo analyze different stuffs being used in Indian building industry.To analyse these stuffs for their utility in the Indian clime.To place different stuffs which are available in market and can be used in Indian buildings.Compare the advantages of composite stuffs over normally used stuffs.To place the usage and handiness of composite stuffs in India.To look into the handiness and usage of composite stuffs outside India and to look into its relevancy in the Indian context.To get down with, the really first thing which needs by us to understand is what stuffs are soon being used in India, how are they used and how are they obtained. Are these stuffs locally available, or imported or unnaturally manufactured in here merely. If so, how are the stuffs used for its fabrication obtained. To get down with this lets us hold a speedy expression at the stuffs being used soon in India.Burnt clay bricks and tiles( GUPTA, 1998 ) Brick is one of the most normally used stuff in the Indian building industry. It is used in every topographic point in India. It had been use by us from around ancient period. But the usage it have decreased today as compared to that clip. The bricks are manufactured in India utilizing the clay nowadays on the top dirt and fire kilns. It is been invariably manufactured by many little graduated table industries in their ain ways. These ways were largely inefficient and resulted in hapless quality of bricks and higher cost of building. The revolution in it came with the debut of different stuffs along with the clay used for the brick building. The most celebrated of it is the fly ash bricks or aac bricks. To call few of its advantages:Saves energy in the kilns as the fly ash already contains hints of unburnt coal which helps it in drying or baking the brick more expeditiously. Besides since the brick is burnt besides from the interior, it takes less clip to bake.It is lighter in weight as compared to the older bricks hence it can be casted in bigger blocks now and can now be used for faster buildings.Its strength is more than the traditional ruddy brick and it more unvarying in form due to the mechanism used for its production.It can be used in about every sort of building due to its light weight and high strength.Rock( GUPTA, 1998 ) Rock was one of the most normally used stuff in the station Mauryan epoch and had been used till now. But its usage and ways of execution had changed. It is present in India in big sum and in assortment of forms and colourss and textures etc. Rocks are used conspicuously in the foundations, facings, paving, floorings, and fencing. The types of rock nowadays in India are Black granite, other granites, limestone, marble, sandstone, and slate and Delhi quartzite to call few. Besides stones like Kota rock and Jodhpur rock are used extensively in the insides and flooring. The rock is obtained by the procedure of quarrying. Quarrying is still done by the traditional mode merely but by utilizing the modern age tools. The rock is largely obtained from an unfastened cavity, and could besides be obtained by utilizing explosives. There are three ways of obtaining rock, i.e. stopper and plume method, explosives, and channeling. In stopper and feather method of quarrying, drills are holed in the rock. The plumes are formed to make full the holes on one side and level on the other. Now these stoppers or plumes are easy driven to lodge away the rock. Explosives are used to blare off a portion of rock to take the ball of bigger stone from the other. But this method gives us really irregular signifier of rock. These rocks ate used in the concrete as the sum. Channeling is done by boring holes 6 thousand deep I the rock and so a engine is used to drive the chisel to achieve coveted deepness. The used of rock and its lastingness are well-established facts and are known for them.Building calcium hydroxideLime has been used since 4000 BC. Lime is used in the building of edifices and roads, in lime howitzer, lime concrete, plasters, stabilized bricks, autoclaved Ca silicate bricks, fly ash sand calcium hydroxide bricks, and cellular concrete. It is produced utilizing the procedure of calcination of limestone of natural calcium hydroxide.GypsumGypsum is an of import edifice stuff. It is used to fabricate Plaster of Paris, gypsum plaster, hempen gypsum board, gypsum blocks, acoustic tiles, etc. The usage of gypsum in India is limited to commercial and institutional edifices merely. It is non used so much in India soon than it can be used.Glass( GUPTA, 1998 ) Glass fabrication in India is immense with both organized and unorganised sectors. The glass industry in India is extremely developed and reasonably cost effectual. The usage of glass in India is besides really high and is used largely in every edifice and with the addition in the commercial edifices like promenades and office edifices, the demand of glass increased manifolds. Glass is manufactured utilizing the silicon oxide. There are many types of glass like fused silicon oxide glass, alkali silicate glass, sodium carbonate calcium hydroxide glass, lead glass, boro silicate glass, particular glass, glass fibres, optical glass, mirrors etc. Glass is besides used in edifice industry in many ways. Transparent and semitransparent glass sheets, clear or tinted, are used as Windowss and fanlights. It is besides used as an infill in the doors and the Windowss. India manufactured every type of glass viz. float, clear float, coated and low emanation, rolled wired and iridescent, laminated, heat treated, tempered, heat strengthened, and spandril. Glass are used in many ways like glass tiles. These are made for the intent of glazing, wall coating, dividers, ceilings etc. They are besides used in the drape walls and swimming pools. They are used intensively in the landscape gardening besides. Mirrors are besides one of the major usage of glass in the edifice industry. They are the standard adjustment of the bathrooms, sleeping rooms, and now they are even used as an component of ornament. Glass fibres are thin and long fibres of glass which are used to fabricate different other types of stuffs. They are used to fabricate assorted complexs in which gypsum plaster, polyester or epoxy rosin or cement is used as a binder. Glass fibres reinforced complexs are besides available in the market and are used to fabricate pipes, armored combat vehicles, panels etc. There are new merchandises besides available in the market by the name of glass ceramics. They are used as panelling, ceilings, thermic insularity and fire immune stuffs. Blast furnace scorias are besides used to fabricate the glass ceramics.CeramicssCeramicss are used to fabricate healthful wares, glazed tiles, stoneware, tableware, furnace linings, bricks for roofing and enamel wares etc.Steel( GUPTA, 1998 ) Steel is a really widely used stuff in today’s universe. And it is used widely in edifice buildings besides. The structural steel is used for edifice buildings and have an progressively of import function in traditional, medium denseness lodging. The usage of hot rolled structural steel merchandises peculiarly, has shown advantages through its built-in strength. The advantages of utilizing steel is the handiness of long column free spans and saves constructing stuffs due to low deepness of steel beams. Nowadays, new lightweight steel beams are besides available and are t he grounds for the new assorted inventions. Uses of steel in edifices:Steel framed skeletal constructions for high rise edifices.Large span level roofs utilizing steel beams.Steel concrete complex framed constructions for higher stableness.Steel trusses.Steel hemorrhoids.RCC.Prestressed steel wires.Steel wires for cement concrete.Doors, Windowss, armored combat vehicles, etc.Staircase, lifts, pipes, poles and stations, Gatess, fences, mesh etc.Steel is a really dependable building stuff and is besides used extensively.Cement and concrete( GUPTA, 1998 ) Cement is one of the most widely used edifice stuff and decidedly one of the most of import 1 besides. There are many assortment of cement nowadays in today’s universe, but the most normally used cement is the Portland cement. Cement industry is a nucleus sector industry and forms the anchor of the substructure development of the state. ( Anon. , n.d. ) Concrete is the most extensively used stuff in the whole universe. Today. Every edifice used concrete for building. It surpasses steel ingestion of the universe. It is made by utilizing the cement along with other things like sand, sum, etc. There are many recent promotions in the concrete industries which have made really attractive options to utilize concrete as the primary building stuff. But we will discourse it subsequently in item.Complexs or composite stuffs( Anon. , n.d. ) Composite stuffs are the stuffs which are made by uniting two different type of stuffs to organize a new compound of the two or more stuffs to accomplish the coveted belongingss. ( RILEM, n.d. ) Complexs are used efficaciously in each sector of building industries. ( Papanicolaou, n.d. ) There are many types of composite stuffs present in the universe like manmade and natural fibres based complexs, wood complexs and complexs form the local stuffs. The complexs from local stuffs can besides be classified as the combination stuffs in which no chemical combination occurs, but assorted stuffs are combined together in specific sets to accomplish desired consequences. The other types of complexs available are bamboo and wood complexs, polymer, plasti cs and surface coatings, metal matrix complexs etc. to call a few. Now the overview of the stuffs used in India or present in India is done. We now need to seek for the stuffs which are non present in India but can work really good for the Indian context.BibliographyAnon. , n.d. www.archdaily.com.[ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.archdaily.com/category/building-technology-and-materials/ [ Accessed 15 July 2014 ] . Anon. , n.d. www.architonic.com.[ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.architonic.com/ntsht/concrete-in-architecture-2-not-really-grey/7000529 [ Accessed 15 July 2014 ] . GUPTA, T. , 1998. Constructing stuffs in India 50 old ages by GUPTA, TN. In: T. Gupta, erectile dysfunction.Constructing stuffs in India 50 old ages.Delhi: Building Material and Technology Promotion Council, p. 536. Papanicolaou, S. P. a. G. ed. , n.d. Engineering Applications of New Composites by S.A. Paipetis and G.C. Papanicolaou. In: s.l. : s.n. RILEM, n.d.Uniting Materials: Design, Production and Properties by RILEM.s.l. : RILEM.

Social Policy And Society Education Essay

Whose Needs are being met by Scots schooling? Discuss the assorted stakeholders ( kids, parents, society, the province ) , there possible demands and measure how good they are met. The province recognises the demand for kids to be educated. It is recognised as a right, a duty and a necessity. Society no longer relies as to a great extent on the male staff of life victor theoretical account and as a effect parents in the bulk of instances no longer have the option of supplying kid attention and instruction to their kids themselves. As we are come ining an age of hi tech fabrication and developing a high skilled economic system the authorities is besides looking for an educated population and can no longer work with a society of nonreader or ill educated citizens. An uneducated population would besides be less antiphonal to authorities runs and information or counsel and may be unable to carry through their function in society and the democratic procedure. Children themselves, it has been acknowledged, have a right to be educated ; â€Å" No individual shall be denied the right to instruction † ( European Convention on Human Rights ; agenda 1, article 2 ) .That does non nevertheless intend that the instruction provided is what kids want or what they need. Neither does it intend that chief watercourse instruction in Scotland is provided with everyone ‘s best involvements in head. All of the parties mentioned supra will hold unfavorable judgments or be disappointed by what province instruction in Scotland provides to some extent ; nevertheless I wish to do it clear that for the bulk of stakeholders the Scots instruction system provides acceptable results. Besides, in recent old ages important stairss have been taken in Scotland to better the instruction system for those interest holders presently losing out, chiefly kids themselves, and I wish to analyze this in more item. In 2009 there were 676,740 students in publically funded schools in Scotland ( Scots authorities ; pupil Numberss ) and educational outgo was ?4.87 billion in 2007-08 ( Scots authorities ; Expenditure on school instruction in Scotland ) . This amounts to a important proportion of Scotland ‘s population presently in the Scots public instruction system and a important proportion of national disbursement. Spending on instruction sums to a big proportion of public disbursement and must hence be a high precedence for the authorities, denoting that it is a high precedence for society as a whole. Equally good as being a right under the ECHR ( European Convention on Human Rights ) instruction is besides a right under the Universal declaration of human rights enshrined in UK jurisprudence in the Human rights act 1998 ; â€Å" Everyone has the right to instruction. Education shall be free, at least in the simple and cardinal phases. Elementary instruction shall be compulsory†¦ .. † ( Universal declaration of human rights ; article 26 ( 1 ) ) and in the UNCRC ( United nations Convention on the right of the kid ) , â€Å" To guarantee that all sections of society, in peculiar parents and kids, are informed, have entree to instruction and are supported in the usage of basic cognition†¦ † ( UNCRC ; article 24, 2 ( vitamin E ) ) . Few public services are as strongly protected by rights and Acts of the Apostless as those sing entree to instruction. Yet to what extent instruction should be provided and who its chief focal point should be on remains ill-defined. For many old ages statements raged about Scots instruction merely being good to the ‘average ‘ kid and that those who needed extra support demands or who did non work good within formal educational scenes were being left behind or ignored for the greater good. The Scots authorities has hence gone a long manner in recent old ages to try to turn to this. The school course of study in Scotland is non statutory but alternatively the authorities sets out a model which it so expects instructors to work within. The newest model published is the ‘Curriculum for excellence ‘ . This model is built around four Nestor notabilis capacities that the Scots authorities want to instil in every Scots immature individual by the terminal of their clip in instruction. It is besides really to a great extent based on current research that suggests the best manner to prosecute all students in the schoolroom is by utilizing inter disciplinary accomplishments and different acquisition and learning methods such as undertakings, e-learning, talks and peer on equal rating. The Scots authorities claim ; â€Å" The course of study aims to guarantee that all kids and immature people in Scotland develop the properties, cognition and accomplishments they will necessitate to boom in life, larning and work. This is encapsulated in the four capacities – to enable each kid or immature individual to be a successful scholar, a confident person, a responsible citizen and an effectual subscriber † . ( Learning and Teaching Scotland ; Curriculum 3-18 ) However what good are these results if so many immature people find themselves go forthing instruction with no or really few significance makings and no utile trade or work related accomplishments? The benchmark for mensurating pupil attainment in Scotland is the SCQF ( Scots recognition and making model ) mark. At the age of 14 to 15 about every kid in Scotland will sit a set of standard class tests. 5 plus base on ballss at SCQF degree 4 ( standard class general ) is considered the minimal criterion of attainment that could be merited with success and which could take to patterned advance through those makings. School conference tabular arraies are drawn up based on how good pupils did in this quartile and yet 24.4 % of Scots pupils fail to accomplish this benchmark about a one-fourth of all Scots immature people ( Scots authorities ; SQA attainment and school departer makings in Scotland: 2008/09 ) . On top of this 14.53 % of immature people go forthing Scots schools in 2009 were non in instruction employment or preparation and therefore had no positive finish ( Scots authorities ; Destinations of Leavers from Scots Schools: 2008/09 ) . This barely seems like a system which empowers every immature individual to develop accomplishments that will do it possible for them to ever happen a positive finish in society. It may besides demonstrates that there attack has so far failed to convey about touchable consequences which will profit all the stakeholders in the Scots instruction system. The authorities nevertheless may good indicate out that a major component of their reforms of Scots instruction will come in the signifier of alterations to the makings system. These alterations will non be implemented nevertheless until 2016 when the SQA ( Scots Qualifications Authority has drafted, approved and tested the new scrutinies, designed to concentrate on Nestor notabilis accomplishments and development of literacy and numeracy throughout all school topics. There has besides been a important displacement in the attitudes held towards helping kids with acquisition and Behavioural issues or disablements in Scots instruction and in bridging the spread between young person work, schools and less formal educational attacks. The Education ( Additional Support for Learning ) ( Scotland ) Act 2004 was introduced to supply statutory protection to all immature people in Scots instruction who feel they may necessitate more support. Article 1 ( specifying extra support demands ) provinces ; â€Å" A kid or immature individual has extra support demands for the intents of this Act where, for whatever ground, the kid or immature individual is, or is likely to be, unable without the proviso of extra support to profit from school instruction provided or to be provided for the kid or immature individual † This means that any kid in Scotland for whatever ground who feels like they may necessitate extra support are lawfully entitled to it. This jurisprudence has been to a great extent advertised and publicised nevertheless the resources to endorse up this statute law and supply the support are frequently highly over stretched and exhausted. The Bridging the Gap study between young person work and schools was another advanced thought that the Scots authorities hoped would better the instruction system for all interest holders but peculiarly those for whom chief watercourse instruction was non appropriate the study aimed to ; â€Å" Put the policy context and offer illustrations of pattern to promote youth work and school partnerships across Scotland to present more chances to prosecute and animate immature people. â€Å" ( Learning learning Scotland ; bridging the spread study, page5 ) This attack to instruction and presenting young person work and community acquisition in to the school scene shows a willingness to do instruction more accessible and relevant to all pupils and to prosecute everyone in the acquisition procedure. Whether or non this plan will hold any success remains to be seen. Scots instruction hence does present for the bulk of stakeholders most of the clip. It provides a child care option for parents between the kid ‘s age of 5 and 16. It keeps the bulk of the population literate and able to hold on basic numeracy and it gives a high figure of school kids a opportunity to derive accomplishments and addition cognition which will assist them travel in to farther instruction, employment or preparation. It is clear that there is still a proportion of society which the current Scots instruction system is non supplying for nevertheless the Scots authorities has gone a long manner in its efforts to undertake issues with the system and has succeeded in supplying a system which meets most of the demands of most of its stakeholders.

Examine Sheriff’s presentation of Stanhope in Act One in Journey’s End

In Act One of Sheriff’s ‘Journey’s End’ we see Captain Stanhope presented as a highly respected individual by all members of the rank, who has been affected immensely psychologically by the war.We see Stanhope being respected throughout Act One, which can be seen in the beginning of the play where we see Osborne reacting in a defensive and protective way of Stanhope, saying that â€Å"He’s a long way the best company commander we’ve got† to Hardy on page 4 where we learn of Stanhope’s excessive drinking which makes the audience unsure of Stanhope as a character as Sheriff introduces us to this problem before we have met him, which instantly gives us a poor first impression of Stanhope.Sheriff then builds Stanhope’s character and the audience begin to realise that the effect of war has taken its toll on Stanhope, who we learn is a hardworking, young commander who is struggling with the pressures of the war and uses whiskey to help him get through. It is evident that Stanhope is good at commanding the company, as Osborne states â€Å"You’ve done longer than any man in the battalion. It’s time you went away for a rest.It’s due to you† on page 27, depicting that Stanhope has worked extremely hard in the last three years and should be proud with his achievements instead of being ashamed of himself because of what he has turned into. Osborne is a trustworthy character who Stanhope relies on and is a true friend. We also see Stanhope respected by Raleigh, a young boy who knew Stanhope personally before the war. Stanhope was Raleigh’s inspiration to join the army, saying that he was â€Å"frightfully keen to get into Dennis’s regiment† to Osborne on page 12.He also describes his friend as â€Å"splendid† and describes them as â€Å"terrific pals. † Stanhope had such an effect on Raleigh when they were at school together, and Stanhope even admits that he is Raleigh’s â€Å"hero† to Osborne on page 26. We also see in this scene that Stanhope has realised even more so with Raleigh’s arrival his change and deterioration with his personality in the last three years since the war began, saying â€Å"as long as the hero’s a hero† which he no longer thinks of himself as due to this drastic change.We also see in this scene Stanhope confide in Osborne, explaining that Raleigh’s sister â€Å"doesn’t know. She thinks I’m a wonderful chap – commanding a company† portraying his disappointment in himself and how he feels as if he would let down his love if she knew the truth. He seems extremely passionate towards Raleigh’s sister as he explains that he â€Å"couldn’t bear to meet her, in case she realised† the person he has become and becomes annoyed with Raleigh as he calls him a â€Å"little prig† when he believes he will no longer be able to return to Raleigh’s sister once the war is over.Here we see a vulnerable and ashamed character, which is portrayed by Sheriff as he says â€Å"if I went up those steps into the front line – without being doped with whiskey – I’d go mad with fright. † This conveys the necessity for Stanhope to drink and that he would not be able to command the company as successfully as he does without having had whiskey.Osborne warns Raleigh on page 13, explaining to him â€Å"you mustn’t expect to find him – quite the same† and how the war â€Å"tells on a man – rather badly† portraying the psychological effects of war and how there has been a complete change in Stanhope since joining the war. Raleigh remembers his hero as someone who was anti-alcohol, which he was before the war saying â€Å"the roof nearly blew off† when he caught some boys at school with a bottle of whiskey.This shows the desperation on Stanhope†™s behalf to cope with the war and has turned to alcohol for comfort, something that appears he was against three years earlier. Sheriff presents Stanhope as an individual trying to cope with the pressure of the war in Act One, who appears to have changed drastically since the war began, helping the audience understand the psychological effects soldiers due to the war; an issue to which they could possibly relate to as the war was a big part of their lives. Examine Sheriff’s presentation of Stanhope in Act One in Journey’s End In Act One of Sheriff’s ‘Journey’s End’ we see Captain Stanhope presented as a highly respected individual by all members of the rank, who has been affected immensely psychologically by the war.We see Stanhope being respected throughout Act One, which can be seen in the beginning of the play where we see Osborne reacting in a defensive and protective way of Stanhope, saying that â€Å"He’s a long way the best company commander we’ve got† to Hardy on page 4 where we learn of Stanhope’s excessive drinking which makes the audience unsure of Stanhope as a character as Sheriff introduces us to this problem before we have met him, which instantly gives us a poor first impression of Stanhope.Sheriff then builds Stanhope’s character and the audience begin to realise that the effect of war has taken its toll on Stanhope, who we learn is a hardworking, young commander who is struggling with the pressures of the war and uses whiskey to help him get through. It is evident that Stanhope is good at commanding the company, as Osborne states â€Å"You’ve done longer than any man in the battalion. It’s time you went away for a rest.It’s due to you† on page 27, depicting that Stanhope has worked extremely hard in the last three years and should be proud with his achievements instead of being ashamed of himself because of what he has turned into. Osborne is a trustworthy character who Stanhope relies on and is a true friend. We also see Stanhope respected by Raleigh, a young boy who knew Stanhope personally before the war. Stanhope was Raleigh’s inspiration to join the army, saying that he was â€Å"frightfully keen to get into Dennis’s regiment† to Osborne on page 12.He also describes his friend as â€Å"splendid† and describes them as â€Å"terrific pals. † Stanhope had such an effect on Raleigh when they were at school together, and Stanhope even admits that he is Raleigh’s â€Å"hero† to Osborne on page 26. We also see in this scene that Stanhope has realised even more so with Raleigh’s arrival his change and deterioration with his personality in the last three years since the war began, saying â€Å"as long as the hero’s a hero† which he no longer thinks of himself as due to this drastic change.We also see in this scene Stanhope confide in Osborne, explaining that Raleigh’s sister â€Å"doesn’t know. She thinks I’m a wonderful chap – commanding a company† portraying his disappointment in himself and how he feels as if he would let down his love if she knew the truth. He seems extremely passionate towards Raleigh’s sister as he explains that he â€Å"couldn’t bear to meet her, in case she realised† the person he has become and becomes annoyed with Raleigh as he calls him a â€Å"little prig† when he believes he will no longer be able to return to Raleigh’s sister once the war is over.Here we see a vulnerable and ashamed character, which is portrayed by Sheriff as he says â€Å"if I went up those steps into the front line – without being doped with whiskey – I’d go mad with fright. † This conveys the necessity for Stanhope to drink and that he would not be able to command the company as successfully as he does without having had whiskey.Osborne warns Raleigh on page 13, explaining to him â€Å"you mustn’t expect to find him – quite the same† and how the war â€Å"tells on a man – rather badly† portraying the psychological effects of war and how there has been a complete change in Stanhope since joining the war. Raleigh remembers his hero as someone who was anti-alcohol, which he was before the war saying â€Å"the roof nearly blew off† when he caught some boys at school with a bottle of whiskey.This shows the desperation on Stanhope†™s behalf to cope with the war and has turned to alcohol for comfort, something that appears he was against three years earlier. Sheriff presents Stanhope as an individual trying to cope with the pressure of the war in Act One, who appears to have changed drastically since the war began, helping the audience understand the psychological effects soldiers due to the war; an issue to which they could possibly relate to as the war was a big part of their lives.